Why women live in Russia well
World Bank presented a report on "Women, Business and Law-2010"
World Bank told the world that women in Russia have a higher socio-economic and labor protections than in many European countries and the United States. Russian woman legally put paid maternity leave, they are shielded from the heavy Labour and to the same men before retirement. However, Russian experts remind us that announced by the Government benefits are not always implemented in practice.
World Bank report "Women, Business and Law-2010" countries compared to the same criteria: a woman's chances of being employed in all industries as well as men, the woman's ability to receive benefits to women in particular - paid maternity leave, as well as earlier than men to retire.
An interesting finding of the report lies in the fact that Russia in terms of socio-economic and labor rights of women is much better than most countries. In particular, according to the World Bank, the lives of women in Russia is far more comfortable than in the U.S. and some European countries. Thus, according to a report in the Russian women rely legitimate paid maternity leave of 140 days to pay 100% of wages. For comparison: in the U.S. paid maternity leave is not granted American women. From Russia a little bit behind Ukraine and Greece - are respectively 126 and 116 days at 100 percent payment of wages. In Sweden and Germany paid leave for 98 days with payment of 80% and 100% of salary respectively. Although some figures in the report seem strange. For example, in England, women can count on an annual paid vacation with a 90 percent payment of wages. Unpaid leave to care for a child is not made in all countries. In Russia it is 540 days in the U.S. - 84 days in Germany and Ukraine - three years, while in England, France and Sweden, such Catering is not provided.
Russia is also different from other countries, the restriction to hard labor for women and the statutory pension age (60 years for men and 55 for women). In most European countries and the United States for men and women of retirement age begins at age 65. In Greece, the men go retire at age 65, women - 60.
However, noting the triumph of equal rights in most developed countries, World Bank experts also say that an important difference between men and women in pay. On a global scale, "women remain behind men in the workplace, a bank and on the farm. Women receive a 22% less than men for equal work, and their access to credit is limited to ", - notes Director of the Department of the World Bank Gender Mayra Buvinich. In this sense, Russia is practically no different from other countries. "In Russia, discrimination against women in terms of wages on equal basis with men workplaces exists, but as far as I know, its level is not knocked out of the world average framework ", - says head of of income and consumption by the Levada Centre, Marina Krasilnikova. "Women in Russia are much more likely than men work in low-paid work, and wages women with men in similar positions below somewhere at 30%, and this spread in various industries ranging from 10 to 60%, "- said the expert of the Department assessment of the 2K Audit - Business consultations "Irina Vorobyev.
Despite this, according to demographers, from 25 to 40% of Russian families are faced with a situation where women receive higher salaries than their husbands. "The Russian economy, as in any other economy in transition, first to the most intensively developed industries in which demand mainly women's work - trade and service sector, industrial sector is in a state of some stagnation. Therefore, the situation is the gap in wages is not everywhere, but in a local point of natural "- explains Krasilnikova. However, during the last economic crisis, this dependence is not clear, because in the same decline came and industry and trade, and services. "Specific differences in the impact of the crisis the economic situation of men and women do not. Though some companies in Russia in the event of termination primarily mothers with young children working seniors, girls who can go on maternity leave. However, the bright expression that did not matter. The main criterion for the majority of employers are still the professional competence of staff "- says Vorobyev.
Commenting on World Bank data, Krasilnikova drew attention to the fact that legally available to women and seniors facilities in Russia against the background of other countries do look generous. However, we must not forget a purely Russian problem - not necessarily the execution of laws, when in fact paid maternity leave and can not afford.
«Formally we really have a very generous legislation, but those payments, which provide this generosity, so small that they reduce almost to nothing all the effects from such generosity. We have a very low level of pensions, allowances and maternity leave. Not accidentally, all pensioners, while there are forces that seek to continue the work, - The expert adds. The same situation exists in the case of concessional leave women for child care. Many women, explains Vorobyov, these discounted vacations in Russia do not enjoy, passing the upbringing of children and grandparents. The reason lies in the fact that both men and women live in Russia to white wages, then there is a way in a long maternity leave toll on earnings.
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