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How to recognize a liar? Learn from a professional!

How to recognize a liar? Learn from a professional!


're lying all. Every day. Parents - children. Children grow up, lying to parents. They lie to each other friends, teachers and students, doctors and patients, husbands and wives, witnesses and jurors - in short, all those who, in theory, should be two halves of a whole, but this does not happen ...

Because it "easier to pay off a light than to dispel the darkness!" - As he said Zebulun.

Want to experiment? Try just one day to speak the truth. Even strangers. Even in small things ... I promise: the evening of such straining you just razbolitsya head, and you'll never go back to this venture!

Paul Ekman - bestselling author of "Psychology of lies. Lie to Me If You Can "(psychologist, doctor, scientist) - has been studying the lie for 40 years. It all started with that to Eckmann asked the doctor one of the psychiatric hospitals with a request to recognize the lie in the speech of patients, and thus prevent further suicide attempts.

After practicing at the hospital Ekman began to receive requests from the police, the FBI and the diplomatic consulates. Even when in 1979 he lectured in the USSR, came up to him some "comrades in mufti." He has conducted seminars for people working in the police and intelligence. And the test results among staff from different departments simply stunned him. Only the U.S. Secret Service reveals 80% of lies. All other agencies (including the CIA, FBI, etc.) show random results!

Only one judge After listened to lectures on lie detection suggested Eckmann make a permutation in the courtroom to see the back of the head is not a witness and a person. Just a thought. But for some reason before anybody about it did not bother!

Politicians, actors and psychopaths - are professional liars

That these people can easily circle the listeners around your finger. Joseph Stalin once said: "Sincere diplomacy is just as impossible, as a dry vodka!".

«I am convinced that any politician who deftly meets questions of the press conference, making himself a brilliant image on television and radio, has the innate talent of a liar! "- the second Eckman, thoroughly studying the videos and memoirs of famous politicians.

Actors, thanks to the Stanislavsky system, before you play a certain scene, remembering a similar experience that occurred in their lives, and then simply "tolerate" his emotions on stage. Physiology - no more!

By and large, we are all a little actors: draw on the face of indifferent smile ("I do not care!") very easily. Much easier than playing real grief or anger, when it does not feel at Actually ...

Tell the truth. Then you just will not believe!

«Robert Lacey - policeman, dobyvshy set of clues with the help of a tape recorder, hidden under clothing. But here it was suspected that he was - a secret informant. If criminals have found him this tape - he hardly could have been saved. And he understood that he must play "on a grand scale, so were with De Stefano (gang leader) in the cafe, said:

- Come on now are not going to sit next with a jukebox, and then my last time a record came out bad.

All around burst out laughing, just laughing De Stefano was a dryish .... "

Error Othello

«Well, if someone is suspected fraud - to dissuade him in this almost impossible. Besides there are thousands of evidence against an innocent man, "- writes man, 28 years worked at the CIA.

Such people will be blinded to dig, and what is most surprising - to find confirmation of their own fantasies. Of these, grow the most terrible witnesses and jurors at the trial! Therefore, suspecting something of a man, so it is important to be impartial, detached from the "victim".

Is it foolish to believe the car?

«Lie Detector" - in fact, highly controversial version of the detection of falsehood. Although lately it is widely used the police, journalism, private businesses and even a job at McDonald's.

Costly device controls the amount of stress in the body. But it does not mean that it detects a lie! The detector repeats the mistake of Othello, who took the fear and tears Desdemona boyavsheysya being killed for fear of and the tears of remorse at the defunct high treason. Is precisely because innocent people may be experiencing strong emotions due to the fact that they are somewhat suspect and test on the detector. But, as you know, at the level of sales of this expensive equipment is not affected, unfortunately ...

How to recognize a liar? Invisible signals

As a student, Ekman devised a bold experiment. Senior lecturer acted as a "source of stress." To him, one invited students, in which he literally "pounced" by criticizing their behavior, learning, and even the manner of thinking. Ekman himself oversaw the experiment through a mirror window, removing what is happening on camera. After the third hit the teacher one of the students showed him ... the middle finger. Eckman not believe my eyes: her hand lay quietly on his knee, and neither she nor the professor himself, in the heat of conversation did not notice this unconscious movement, but the scrolling film all confirmed ...

human eye, tone, smile, voice, body movements: we should never rely on just one sign of fraud - there should be few. And to compute professional liar - should itself be a pro.

philosophers for centuries arguing over what is a lie. And many cling to the "saving the thread: if at stake is human life, then lie excuses!

to Dr. Ekman is no "bailout loopholes": he calls their names. Just concealed you about something or really distorted the facts: you - a liar, and in any case - not worthy!

Some people believe that the best (or morally) do not try to identify the lie, and always believe every word. It is better to be deceived than wrongly convict someone. Sometimes this is indeed the most correct move.


«We can lie or tell the truth - says Paul Ekman - see fraud or skip it, mistake, or to find out the truth. We have a choice! »

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29 most healthy foods on the planet

29 most healthy foods on the planet

Fruit


Tip: Try to buy apricots while they are still solid. As soon as the apricots are soft, they begin to lose nutrients.

2. Avocado

oleic acid, unsaturated fats that make up the fruit, reduce cholesterol and increase the number of high-density lipoprotein plus, avocados contain high amounts of fat (carbohydrates). One slice contains 81 calories, 8 grams fat and 3 grams of carbohydrates.

Tip: Try to replace mayonnaise in sandwiches a few slices of avocado.

3. Raspberries Raspberries

rich acid Elladzhik, that helps stop the growth of cancer cells. The berries also contain vitamin C, which lowers cholesterol levels in the body and reduces the likelihood of cardiovascular disease. Malina has a lot of fiber. A cup of raspberries contains 60 calories, 1 gram of fat and 8 grams of carbohydrates.

4. Mango

mango fruit are medium in size contains 57 mg of vitamin C, which is roughly appropriate daily rate of human consumption. This antioxidant helps prevent arthritis and helps to heal wounds, plus strengthens the immune system. Mango also contains more than 8000 IU of vitamin A. One mango contains 135 calories, 1 gram of fat and 4 grams of carbohydrates.

Tip: Cut and serve the fruit with green leaves. In this case, your salad will have refined and unique taste.

5. Cantaloupe

Vitamin C (117 mg contained in half a melon, which is double the recommended daily allowance) and beta-carotene - Two of one of the most powerful antioxidants that help protect cells from damage associated with increased activity of free radicals. Plus, the poldyni contain 853 mg of potassium, which contained almost twice as much potassium in the banana. Potassium lowers blood pressure. Half melon contains 97 calories, 1 gram fat and 2 grams of carbohydrates.

6. Cranberry juice

help fight infection localized in the bladder, preventing bacterial growth. Cup cranberry juice contains 144 calories. Contains no fat and carbohydrates.

Tip: Buy a 100-percent juice concentrate and add it into the water without sugar.

7. Tomato Lycopene

, One of the most powerful carotenoid found in tomatoes. It acts as an antioxidant. Studies show that tomatoes reduce the risk of disease bladder, stomach, and lower likelihood of developing colon cancer by 50 percent if consumed tomato every day. Tomato contains 26 calories, 1 gram carbohydrate. Does not contain fat.

Tip: Add olive oil to tomatoes - lycopene is better absorbed with a small amount of fat.

8. Raisins

These little gems - the main source of iron, which helps carry oxygen to the tissues. Half a cup of raisins contains 218 calories, 3 grams carbohydrate. Do not contain fat.

Tip: Add any time in the morning raisins in oatmeal or cereal.

9. Figs

figs are a good source of potassium and carbohydrates, it also contains vitamin B6, which is responsible for the production of serotonin - the "pleasure hormones, lowers cholesterol. One of figs contains 37-48 calories 2 grams carbohydrates, 0 fat.

10. Lemon

Comprises limonene and vitamin C, which help prevent cancer. Contains very few calories and no fat and carbohydrates.

Tip: Add the lemon juice in a salad, beans and vegetables for flavor.

Vegetables

11. Bow Bow

rich one of the most powerful flavonoids - Quercetin'om. Study show that the bow reduces the likelihood of developing cancer. A cup contains 61 calories, 3 grams carbohydrates and 0 fat.

Tip: Chopped onion will help to improve the content nutrients. If you do not want to cry, fry it in olive oil. May file with rice or other vegetables.

12. Artichokes

These, unusual for first glance, vegetables contain a considerable amount of silymarin - an antioxidant that reduces the risk of skin cancer, plus fiber controls cholesterol in the blood. One medium-sized artichoke has 60 calories, 7 grams of carbohydrates and do not contain fat.

Tip: Cook the artichoke steamed for 30-40 minutes. Add the lemon juice. Fresh lemon juice, add the top.

13. Ginger

figs may help reduce nausea. Teaspoon fresh Ginger contains 1 calorie, 0 fat, 0 fiber. Peel the tough brown skin and slice and fry in boiling oil.

14. Broccoli

indole-3-methanol and sulforaphane, which help protect against breast cancer. Broccoli also has a large amount of vitamin C and beta-carotene. One cup of broccoli contains 25 calories, 0 fat and 3 grams of fiber. Add fresh lemon juice for flavor, nutrients and vitamin C.

15. Spinach

Latein and ziksantin, carotenoids, which warn retinal degeneration, which is the main cause of blindness in old age. In addition, this green fountain of youth will help get rid of some signs of aging. One serving contains 7 calories, 1 gram of carbohydrates and do not contain fat.

Tip: Add the spinach leaves to all the dishes together with a little olive oil and garlic.

16. Bok Chow (Chinese cabbage)

Bok Chow has a high content brassinina, which, according some studies, helps protect against breast cancer. As well as indoles and izotsiotsinaty that lower estrogen levels, thus making the Bok Cho doubly a more potent weapon against breast cancer. Portion contains 158 grams of calcium (16% of the recommended daily dose), which helps prevent osteoporosis, 20 calories 3 grams of carbohydrates and no fat. Find this product may be on the Asian market or grocery department store.

Tip: Cut the white succulent stems and add them to roast before serving, or with olive oil and garlic.

17. The family Cucurbitaceae

Pumpkin winter collection are of great amount of vitamin C and beta-carotene, which helps protect the body against endometrial cancer. Serving contains 80 calories, 6 grams carbohydrates, 1 gram of fat.

Tip: Chop nuts (acorns) in half, remove the edible core and bake them until they are soft. After a sprinkle of cinnamon.

18. Watercress

Kress has a high content of phenethyl izotsiotsenatom, which along with vitamin C and E helps keep cancer cells "in fear". One serving contains 4 calories, 1 gram of carbohydrates and no fat.

Tip: Use the watercress for sandwiches, and add it to salad for to give it a sharp taste.

19. Garlic.

Sera, part of the product and gives it its pungent aroma specifically, reduces the amount of harmful cholesterol, lowers blood pressure and even reduces the risk of gastric cancer and colon cancer. One head of garlic contains 4 calories, and thus do not contain fat and carbohydrates.

Tip: Try to prepare a head of garlic for 15-20 minutes until tender, and then spread it with a lot of garlic on bread like butter.

Cereals, Beans, Nuts

20. Quinoa (quinoa).

half cup of cooked quinoa has 5 grams of protein (more than any other cereal), plus iron, riboflavin (vitamin B2) and magnesium. Energy value was 318 calories. Size: 5 grams of carbohydrates and fats.

Tip: Add the soup quinoa to increase the number protein. Previously recommended to rinse the leaves to the soup was not bitter in taste.

21. Wheat germ

tablespoon contains approximately 7% of the daily required amount of magnesium, which prevents the occurrence of muscle spasms. Wheat is also a good source of vitamin E. In one dining room substrate contains 27 calories, 1 gram of carbohydrates and fats. Add the wheat into yogurt and fruit.

22. Lentils

Isoflavony (Isoflavones), which can inhibit breast cancer plus fiber for heart health and an impressive 9 grams of protein in polportsii. Polportsii contain 115 calories, 8 grams fiber and no fat. Isoflavony retained after processing, so buy lentils canned, dried or already in soup. Take it to work, and you'll have a rich proteins lunch.

23. Peanuts

Studies show that peanuts (groundnuts) and other types of nuts (which contain only unsaturated "good" fats) can lower the risk of heart disease by 20 percent. One ounce contains 166 calories, 17 grams of fat and 2 grams of fiber. Keep a pack in your briefcase, gym bag or purse for a snack after work, meal, protein-rich or a snack before dinner.

24. Mottled beans

Polportsii beans contain more than 25 percent recommended daily dose of folate, which help reduce the risk of heart disease and congenital defects. Polportsii contain 103 calories, 1 gram of fat and 6 grams fiber. Clear bedonchik, rinse and add to pot of vegetarian chili sauce.

25. Yogurt, low-fat

Bacteria in the active culture yogurt can help prevent various diseases, calcium strengthens the skeleton. Serving contains 155 calories, 4 grams of fat and contains no fat. If you do not carry the lactose, then do not worry - yogurt should not bother your stomach.

26. Skim milk

Riboflavin (vitamin B) needed for good view and, together with vitamin A may help prevent eczema and allergies. Plus, the calcium and vitamin D. One serving contains 86 calories, 0 fat and 0 fiber.

Seafood

27. Shellfish (clams, mussels)

Vitamin B12 - needed to maintain nerve function and mental ability, plus iron and hard Minerals such as magnesium and potassium. Three ounces contain 126-146 calories, 2-4 grams of fat and contain no fat. Try a cup of "manhettonskogo" soup of clams, based on tomatoes with low fat content.

28. Salmon

cold water fish such as salmon, mackerel and tuna are the main source of omega-3 fatty acids, which help reduce the risk of heart disease. 3 ounces contain 127 calories, 4 grams of fat and contain no fiber.

29. Crab

The main source of vitamin B12 and zinc. 3 ounces contain 84 calories, 1 gram of fat and contain no fiber. Crab in sushi is usually made from fish; buy instead, canned and make your own crab cakes.

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Professor of the Tallinn School of Law suggested ways to save Ukraine

Professor of the Tallinn School of Law suggested ways to save

Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych when signing recent agreements with Russia has blatantly violated the constitution. For the salvation of Ukraine to carry out a series of measures, in particular, to divide Eastern and Western Ukraine, expressed his opinion Tallinn School of Law Professor Eugene TTU Tsybulenko.


«Freed from ballast, Western Ukraine will receive all opportunities for building a democratic European state »
« The new president of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych directly and flagrantly violated the Constitution of Ukraine, signing an agreement to extend for 25 years, the Black Sea Fleet in Crimea. More than 60% of Ukrainians support such a decision. Of course, from the 60% majority of the population in eastern Ukraine, "- said the professor, reports DELFI.

«Thus, in just less than three months Yanukovych has not only eliminated in Ukraine, an independent legislature and judiciary, severely restricted the freedom of speech, but turned in a paper constitution of Ukraine ", - he added.

«It's time, discarding the false shame and Varennikov patriotism, recognize that the present form of Ukraine as an independent state, did not take place, is doomed, and not has no future. Eastern Ukraine is unsupportable for the state ballast, which will drown the whole country. The idea of \u200b\u200bcatholicity today alas, does not work. If we do not keep Ukraine in the areas where he lives the Ukrainian people, and not ohlos who does not remember any of his kinship, or its language, or of its history, we all losses ", - said Tsybulenko.


«I would like to draw parallels with postwar Germany. Before the Konrad Adenauer was difficult dilemma: to unite the German (and such a possibility under the neutrality of Germany existed) or to start building in the territories of Germany, outside the influence of the USSR. Adenauer knew that a united Germany would inevitably fall under the influence of the Communists, and did everything to make this association did not happen. The decision was very difficult, but history proved him right. Germany has a strong European power, and when ripe historical conditions, Germany annexed eastern territories back "- he continues.

«The same thing will happen in Ukraine. The eastern region should be temporarily withdrawn from its composition. Getting rid of the ballast, Western Ukraine will receive all the possibilities for building a democratic European state, and as soon as possible entry into the EU and NATO. After this will just wait until the historical conditions are ripe for that powerful and successful Ukraine was able to pick up its former territory, and territory, densely populated with Ukrainians ", - said Tsybulenko.

«It will happen much faster than many think. Europe began to actively get rid of energy dependence, and that means an end to Russia in its current form and, consequently, its influence is inevitable. The territory of the Russian Federation will quickly disintegrate into fiefdoms, and Ukraine will just have to take under the protection of Ukrainians living abroad, - He continues.

«Nevertheless, removal from the country's eastern provinces - it is only the first step. After it should follow a serious political and economic reforms. Cyclists do not need to reinvent, you can use successfully of the Estonian model. Among other things, to maintain a very conservative policy on citizenship with the obligatory introduction of the "gray passports". Persons who are not loyal to Ukrainian citizenship is not a must. At the same time, it must create the conditions for moving from eastern Ukraine to western loyal Ukrainians ", - he added.

«categorical requirement should be a tough lustration for all public officials (here the policy should be even tougher than in the Baltic countries). The members of the Communist Party, the Party of Regions and Other anti-Ukrainian organizations should not occupy the offices "- the professor said.

«Slogan Vyacheslav Chornovil" bandits - Prison should be brought to life, and, in particular, with regard to all the people still living communist criminals. The economy should be held liberal reform. Start they need to restore historical justice - namely, to restitution, "- he added.

«Eastern Ukraine, in turn, Ukraine, Lukashenko has successfully built or Ukraine Putin. What would happen? Allow myself to quote Julius Latynina: "Many times in the 20 th century it seemed that democracy is ridiculous, naive, cowardly, irresolute, beside and loses iron fists and copper foreheads dictators, but every time democracy has survived and Hitler Brezhnev, Ceausescu, Milosevic and others collapsed into the abyss "- summed up Tsybulenko.

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Repatriation

Jaroslav Lansky.

After the Second World War, the Allies gave Stalin at the massacre of about two million people

Operation Kilhol "- one of the most shameful pages of British military history. So-called operation to oust the two million people, mostly prisoners of war from the territory Austria in the Soviet zone of occupation. This was done in May and June 1945 in accordance with the Yalta agreements, in which the British Government has pledged after the war, the Soviet Union to give all displaced persons who, in 1939 were citizens of the Soviet Union. Very many of the issued were subsequently shot or died in Soviet prison camps (this is often betrayed Russian, who had no previous Soviet citizenship - from the number of white immigrants). In the words of Alexander Solzhenitsyn, this operation was the "last secret of World War II."

its most famous episode - the deportation of the Don, Kuban and Terek Cossacks participated in the war on the side of Nazi Germany. Total in the Austrian town of Lienz was issued about 50 thousand Cossacks, including women and children. Exerted resistance were shot on the spot. Many suicide immediately or on a train on the way home.
against the Soviets

Kazakov can not be called innocent victims. The German command has allowed them to form semi-independent units comprising of Hitler's army before Vlasovites. After Stalingrad Germans are quite tolerant of the possibility of using part of the traitors. In November 1943, they promised the Cossacks returned to their ancestral lands, and the red and Naumenko were appointed to command the Cossack troops in the German army.

Despite antiquated equipment, the Cossacks fought fiercely but the farther away from its own territories, the more they have a growing sense of desperation. At the end of the war, the Cossacks were sent to Yugoslavia to the north to fight the communist Tito's guerrillas: born riders, they were more suited to mountain conditions and to act more effectively than motorized German units. Unfortunately, they waited here a sad fame. Entering the village, which was thought Cossacks, sheltering the guerrillas, they compared it to the ground.

In the last year of the war, many Cossack units were under the direct control of the SS and the end of hostilities chose not to resist, but surrender to the Anglo-American troops. Of course, the least they could have imagined that the British will get to his mortal enemy. Giving, Cossacks has been stressed, that all his life devoted to the fight against the Soviets, but never fought with the regular units of the Western allies, because they thought the British and Americans my friends. They believed that the union of England and America with Stalin is a ploy, and were confident that the war will soon enter a new phase - the West against Soviet Union. And expected to take part in it.
work for the Irish

handling of the Cossacks in the train was accompanied by numerous excesses of group attempts to escape before the murder of wives and children - by some accounts, twenty or thirty Cossacks killed their children that they are not educated godless Bolsheviks. In cars that came in the Soviet zone, often found dead. One of the Cossacks in some way cut his throat with a piece of barbed wire. In other cases, they were hung on the scarf or a rope of twisted cloth. Their comrades in the cars could easily prevent these suicides but did not.

granted Cossacks Soviet soldiers quickly assembled into groups and taken away. According to the memoirs of a Briton, the station, where he arrived on his Echelon was spinny. From this grove resounded long bursts. Although most violence is not seen accompanying guess that happens It was not hard.

British soldiers, whose share has fallen the task to accompany the train of prisoners of war on Soviet territory, experiencing this acute disgust. In the early days of the job performed the 2 nd Battalion London Irish Rifles, probably because the battalion commanders for some reason thought Irish suited for this kind of work more than the British. The commander of the battalion recalled how he had received an order to repatriate all prisoners of war and how was surprised with some vehemence Cossacks insisted on the impossibility of his return to the USSR. At first annoyed by his charges, all these desperate appeal and the horror stories about what awaits the Cossacks in the homeland. Some of the soldiers advised the Cossacks did not fool around and do not exaggerate - it was hard to believe that such things are possible. But when the first detachments of support began to return back quickly spread rumors that the prisoners taken away and shot.

commander of the Irish shooters reported to superiors that the situation is serious and his men are on the verge of disobedience. Bosses do not become especially to go into the matter. It simply withdrew London Irish battalion and replace it with another unit.

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After the Second World War Allies issued for punishment Stalin about two million people

Repatriation

Jaroslav Lansky.

After the Second World War, the Allies gave Stalin at the massacre of about two million people

Operation Kilhol "- one of the most shameful pages of British military history. So-called operation to oust the two million people, mostly prisoners of war from the territory Austria in the Soviet zone of occupation. This was done in May and June 1945 in accordance with the Yalta agreements, in which the British Government has pledged after the war, the Soviet Union to give all displaced persons who, in 1939 were citizens of the Soviet Union. Very many of the issued were subsequently shot or died in Soviet prison camps (this is often betrayed Russian, who had no previous Soviet citizenship - from the number of white immigrants). In the words of Alexander Solzhenitsyn, this operation was the "last secret of World War II."

its most famous episode - the deportation of the Don, Kuban and Terek Cossacks participated in the war on the side of Nazi Germany. Total in the Austrian town of Lienz was issued about 50 thousand Cossacks, including women and children. Exerted resistance were shot on the spot. Many suicide immediately or on a train on the way home.
against the Soviets

Kazakov can not be called innocent victims. The German command has allowed them to form semi-independent units comprising of Hitler's army before Vlasovites. After Stalingrad Germans are quite tolerant of the possibility of using part of the traitors. In November 1943, they promised the Cossacks returned to their ancestral lands, and the red and Naumenko were appointed to command the Cossack troops in the German army.

Despite antiquated equipment, the Cossacks fought fiercely but the farther away from its own territories, the more they have a growing sense of desperation. At the end of the war, the Cossacks were sent to Yugoslavia to the north to fight the communist Tito's guerrillas: born riders, they were more suited to mountain conditions and to act more effectively than motorized German units. Unfortunately, they waited here a sad fame. Entering the village, which was thought Cossacks, sheltering the guerrillas, they compared it to the ground.

In the last year of the war, many Cossack units were under the direct control of the SS and the end of hostilities chose not to resist, but surrender to the Anglo-American troops. Of course, the least they could have imagined that the British will get to his mortal enemy. Giving, Cossacks has been stressed, that all his life devoted to the fight against the Soviets, but never fought with the regular units of the Western allies, because they thought the British and Americans my friends. They believed that the union of England and America with Stalin is a ploy, and were confident that the war will soon enter a new phase - the West against Soviet Union. And expected to take part in it.
work for the Irish

handling of the Cossacks in the train was accompanied by numerous excesses of group attempts to escape before the murder of wives and children - by some accounts, twenty or thirty Cossacks killed their children that they are not educated godless Bolsheviks. In cars that came in the Soviet zone, often found dead. One of the Cossacks in some way cut his throat with a piece of barbed wire. In other cases, they were hung on the scarf or a rope of twisted cloth. Their comrades in the cars could easily prevent these suicides but did not.

granted Cossacks Soviet soldiers quickly assembled into groups and taken away. According to the memoirs of a Briton, the station, where he arrived on his Echelon was spinny. From this grove resounded long bursts. Although most violence is not seen accompanying guess that happens It was not hard.

British soldiers, whose share has fallen the task to accompany the train of prisoners of war on Soviet territory, experiencing this acute disgust. In the early days of the job performed the 2 nd Battalion London Irish Rifles, probably because the battalion commanders for some reason thought Irish suited for this kind of work more than the British. The commander of the battalion recalled how he had received an order to repatriate all prisoners of war and how was surprised with some vehemence Cossacks insisted on the impossibility of his return to the USSR. At first annoyed by his charges, all these desperate appeal and the horror stories about what awaits the Cossacks in the homeland. Some of the soldiers advised the Cossacks did not fool around and do not exaggerate - it was hard to believe that such things are possible. But when the first detachments of support began to return back quickly spread rumors that the prisoners taken away and shot.

commander of the Irish shooters reported to superiors that the situation is serious and his men are on the verge of disobedience. Bosses do not become especially to go into the matter. It simply withdrew London Irish battalion and replace it with another unit.

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After the Second World War, the Allies gave Stalin at the massacre of about two million people

Repatriation

Jaroslav Lansky.

After the Second World War II, the Allies gave Stalin at the massacre of about two million people

Operation Kilhol "- one of the most shameful pages of British military history. So-called operation to oust the two million people, mostly prisoners of war from the territory of Austria in the Soviet zone of occupation. Made It was in May and June 1945 in accordance with the Yalta agreements, in which the British Government has pledged to give after the war the Soviet Union all displaced persons who, in 1939 were citizens of the Soviet Union. Very many of the subsequently issued were shot or died in Soviet prison camps (This is often betrayed Russian, who had no previous Soviet citizenship - from the number of white immigrants). In the words of Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the operation became "the last secret of World War II."

its most famous episode - the deportation of the Don, Kuban and Terek Cossacks, who participated in War on the side of Nazi Germany. Total in the Austrian town of Lienz was issued about 50 thousand Cossacks, including women and children. Who resisted shot on the spot. Many suicide immediately or on a train on the way home.
against the Soviets

Kazakov can not be called innocent victims. The German command has allowed them to form semi-independent units comprising of Hitler's army before Vlasovites. After Stalingrad the Germans were completely tolerated the possibility of using part of the traitors. In November 1943, they promised the Cossacks returned to their ancestral lands, and the red and Naumenko were appointed to command the Cossack troops in the German army.

Despite antiquated equipment, the Cossacks fought fiercely, but the farther from its own territories, the more they have a growing sense of desperation. At the end of the war, the Cossacks were sent to Yugoslavia to the north to fight the communist Tito's guerrillas: born riders, they were more suited to mountain conditions and to act more effectively than motorized German units. Unfortunately, they waited here a sad fame. Entering the village, which was thought Cossacks, sheltering the guerrillas, they compared it to the ground.

In the last year of the war, many Cossack units were under the direct control of the SS and the end of hostilities chose not to resist, but surrender to the Anglo-American troops. Of course, the least they could have imagined that the British will get to his mortal enemy. Giving, Cossacks has been stressed, that all his life devoted to the fight against the Soviets, but never fought with the regular units of the Western allies, because they thought the British and Americans my friends. They believed that the union of England and America with Stalin is a ploy, and were confident that the war will soon enter a new phase - the West against Soviet Union. And expected to take part in it.
work for the Irish

handling of the Cossacks in the train was accompanied by numerous excesses of group attempts to escape before the murder of wives and children - by some accounts, twenty or thirty Cossacks killed their children that they are not educated godless Bolsheviks. In cars that came in the Soviet zone, often found dead. One of the Cossacks in some way cut his throat with a piece of barbed wire. In other cases, they were hung on the scarf or a rope of twisted cloth. Their comrades in the cars could easily prevent these suicides but did not.

granted Cossacks Soviet soldiers quickly assembled into groups and taken away. According to the memoirs of a Briton, the station, where he arrived on his Echelon was spinny. From this grove resounded long bursts. Although most violence is not seen accompanying guess that happens It was not hard.

British soldiers, whose share has fallen the task to accompany the train of prisoners of war on Soviet territory, experiencing this acute disgust. In the early days of the job performed the 2 nd Battalion London Irish Rifles, probably because the battalion commanders for some reason thought Irish suited for this kind of work more than the British. The commander of the battalion recalled how he had received an order to repatriate all prisoners of war and how was surprised with some vehemence Cossacks insisted on the impossibility of his return to the USSR. At first annoyed by his charges, all these desperate appeal and the horror stories about what awaits the Cossacks in the homeland. Some of the soldiers advised the Cossacks did not fool around and do not exaggerate - it was hard to believe that such things are possible. But when the first detachments of support began to return back quickly spread rumors that the prisoners taken away and shot.

commander of the Irish shooters reported to superiors that the situation is serious and his men are on the verge of disobedience. Bosses do not become especially to go into the matter. It simply withdrew London Irish battalion and replace it with another unit.

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Why women live well in Russia

Why women live in Russia well


World Bank presented a report on "Women, Business and Law-2010"




World Bank told the world that women in Russia have a higher socio-economic and labor protections than in many European countries and the United States. Russian woman legally put paid maternity leave, they are shielded from the heavy Labour and to the same men before retirement. However, Russian experts remind us that announced by the Government benefits are not always implemented in practice.

World Bank report "Women, Business and Law-2010" countries compared to the same criteria: a woman's chances of being employed in all industries as well as men, the woman's ability to receive benefits to women in particular - paid maternity leave, as well as earlier than men to retire.

An interesting finding of the report lies in the fact that Russia in terms of socio-economic and labor rights of women is much better than most countries. In particular, according to the World Bank, the lives of women in Russia is far more comfortable than in the U.S. and some European countries. Thus, according to a report in the Russian women rely legitimate paid maternity leave of 140 days to pay 100% of wages. For comparison: in the U.S. paid maternity leave is not granted American women. From Russia a little bit behind Ukraine and Greece - are respectively 126 and 116 days at 100 percent payment of wages. In Sweden and Germany paid leave for 98 days with payment of 80% and 100% of salary respectively. Although some figures in the report seem strange. For example, in England, women can count on an annual paid vacation with a 90 percent payment of wages. Unpaid leave to care for a child is not made in all countries. In Russia it is 540 days in the U.S. - 84 days in Germany and Ukraine - three years, while in England, France and Sweden, such Catering is not provided.



Russia is also different from other countries, the restriction to hard labor for women and the statutory pension age (60 years for men and 55 for women). In most European countries and the United States for men and women of retirement age begins at age 65. In Greece, the men go retire at age 65, women - 60.

However, noting the triumph of equal rights in most developed countries, World Bank experts also say that an important difference between men and women in pay. On a global scale, "women remain behind men in the workplace, a bank and on the farm. Women receive a 22% less than men for equal work, and their access to credit is limited to ", - notes Director of the Department of the World Bank Gender Mayra Buvinich. In this sense, Russia is practically no different from other countries. "In Russia, discrimination against women in terms of wages on equal basis with men workplaces exists, but as far as I know, its level is not knocked out of the world average framework ", - says head of of income and consumption by the Levada Centre, Marina Krasilnikova. "Women in Russia are much more likely than men work in low-paid work, and wages women with men in similar positions below somewhere at 30%, and this spread in various industries ranging from 10 to 60%, "- said the expert of the Department assessment of the 2K Audit - Business consultations "Irina Vorobyev.

Despite this, according to demographers, from 25 to 40% of Russian families are faced with a situation where women receive higher salaries than their husbands. "The Russian economy, as in any other economy in transition, first to the most intensively developed industries in which demand mainly women's work - trade and service sector, industrial sector is in a state of some stagnation. Therefore, the situation is the gap in wages is not everywhere, but in a local point of natural "- explains Krasilnikova. However, during the last economic crisis, this dependence is not clear, because in the same decline came and industry and trade, and services. "Specific differences in the impact of the crisis the economic situation of men and women do not. Though some companies in Russia in the event of termination primarily mothers with young children working seniors, girls who can go on maternity leave. However, the bright expression that did not matter. The main criterion for the majority of employers are still the professional competence of staff "- says Vorobyev.

Commenting on World Bank data, Krasilnikova drew attention to the fact that legally available to women and seniors facilities in Russia against the background of other countries do look generous. However, we must not forget a purely Russian problem - not necessarily the execution of laws, when in fact paid maternity leave and can not afford.


«Formally we really have a very generous legislation, but those payments, which provide this generosity, so small that they reduce almost to nothing all the effects from such generosity. We have a very low level of pensions, allowances and maternity leave. Not accidentally, all pensioners, while there are forces that seek to continue the work, - The expert adds. The same situation exists in the case of concessional leave women for child care. Many women, explains Vorobyov, these discounted vacations in Russia do not enjoy, passing the upbringing of children and grandparents. The reason lies in the fact that both men and women live in Russia to white wages, then there is a way in a long maternity leave toll on earnings.

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